The Ethical Dilemmas Article On The Public Relations Arena...

The Ethical Dilemmas article discusses the competitiveness in the public relations arena and how a client-company relationship is reached. When reading the article one understands how difficult it is for companies to maintain strict adherence to ethical guidelines. There are 7 dilemmas covered in the article that calls for an in-depth review of the difficulties clients, employees and employers face in the highly competitive public relations environment; which entails understanding when and where to disseminate information in regard to the advertising of a company or an individual. Public relation firms also manage the careers of high profile individuals and are also known as damage control consultants. In public relation firms employees are required to conduct themselves in a manner that reflects positively on their firm. However, their main focus on managing their clients. In the article there are 7 dilemmas that employees face on a day to day basis and if one were looking for suggestions that will aid employees in how to handle the 7 ethical dilemmas addressed in the article. 1. Client Non-Compete Agreements – Non-compete agreements are clauses added to a contract that states a firm will not solicit or accept contracts from a competitor (Quote). However, in today’s competitive environment a business main focus is on return on investments, many companies rarely honor non-compete clauses. In light of this, employees are left in the precarious position of having toShow MoreRelatedAlternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism21967 Words   |  88 Pagesboundaries. The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This article is a contribution from UNESCO’s International Hydrological Programme to the World Water Assessment Programme. It was prepared within the framework of the joint UNESCO–Green Cross International project entitled â€Å"From Potential Conflict to Co-operationRead MorePropaganda by Edward L Bernays34079 Words   |  137 PagesIII. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. ORGANIZING CHAOS .................................................. THE NEW PROPAGANDA ............................................ THE NEW PROPAGANDISTS .... 9 19 32 47 62 THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PUBLIC RELATIONS BUSINESS AND THE PUBLIC .... PROPAGANDA AND POLITICAL LEADERSHIP 92 WOMENS ACTIVITIES AND PROPAGANDA . . . 115 121 135 141 150 PROPAGANDA FOR EDUCATION PROPAGANDA IN SOCIAL SERVICE . 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Flight Patterns By Sherman Alexie - 1527 Words

In the short story Flight Patterns, Sherman Alexie describes how the protagonist, William, a Spokane Indian, struggles every day to escape the all too common stereotypes society places him under. This story takes place in Washington D.C. during the year after 9/11, which most likely justifies why racial profiling and stereotyping was extremely commonplace in the story around this time. It can be seen that Americans were brought closer together by this tragedy because they were banded by a common enemy who was not in fact American or even part of their culture at all, which made many, if not all Americans judgmental and paranoid against those who they considered to be of foreign descent or a threat to their safety. It is evident that throughout Flight Patterns, Alexie employs a variety of different scenarios to ultimately show his readers that racial profiling and stereotyping is way too common in our society although it shouldn’t be, and if people really took the time to get t o know one another, they d see that other people have substance and a story as well, and they re not just what they simply appear to be. Whether we like it or not, people stereotype and racially profile others every day without knowledge of who they are or what their background is, and this is part of the message Alexie was trying to get across in Flight Patterns. He wants his readers to know that this world isn t perfect, and that it can be seen that it is extremely commonplace in our societyShow MoreRelatedFlight Patterns By Sherman Alexie858 Words   |  4 PagesThe story â€Å"Flight Patterns† is a short story in which Sherman Alexie, the author, presents Native American literature which is new around this time in age. William Cline, the main character represents your stereotype native American. This story takes place post 9/11; therefore, the level of security has been increased greatly along with the amount of hostility towards darker skinned people. William describes how he feels out of place because he has all the traits of a native American but he feelsRead MoreAnalysis Of Flight Patterns By Sherman Alexie899 Words   |  4 Pagesas ethnic minorities. The quest for a reconciliation of multiple identities is at the heart of Sherman Alexie s short story, â€Å"Flight Patterns.† William Loman is a man struggling with his identity not only as a husband and father, but also as a member of the Spokane Nation, the American Nation, and greater humanity. In the New York Times article â€Å"Without Reservation,† Jess Row writes that Sherman Alexie â€Å"peoples his fiction with characters who refuse to disguise or compromise their Indianness,Read MoreProfiling Of Flight Patterns, By Sherman Alexie1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe Profiling of â€Å"Flight Patterns† Profiling people can cause a brick wall to be built between one another, a wall that cannot be easily knocked down. The bricks come down as the person doing the profiling sees beyond physical appearance. When the wall comes down a transparent window forms with a beautiful view. There is more to a person than their exterior, just like there is more to a room than walls. When profiling someone, people do not see past the brick wall; they build it higher and higherRead MoreProfiling By Sherman Alexie s Flight Patterns1458 Words   |  6 PagesProfiling causes people to become engulfed by other people s perceptions of who they are and becomes a conflict between racial heritage and human nature. Through the characters, setting, and tone of â€Å"Flight Patterns,† Sherman Alexie shows that profiling can lead to the misinterpretation of who someone is. Alexie shows a vivid picture of William, who is the main character of the story, he is a loving father, husband, and businessman who cares about his appearance; which means he cares about what peopleRead MoreIn-Depth Study and Comparison: Sherman Alexie’s Flight Pattern and Breaking and Entering864 Words   |  4 PagesIn-Depth Study and Comparison: Sherman Alexie’s â€Å"Flight Pattern† and â€Å"Breaking and Entering† Sherman Alexie is very well known for his takes on Native Americans in modern American society. 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Although he loves his family dearly, he is unable to spend sufficientRead MoreDo We See The Same Way That We Think?1312 Words   |  6 PagesI was inside anything. It was really something.† The narrator now understands that the blind man does not get the opportunity to ever see anything, so he figures he ought to try it out, overall truly amazing himself. Going further, Flight Patterns by Sherman Alexie brings out the pacing of the story to show the outer views, as well as the inner mind thoughts of humans. To be more specific, William, husband of Marie, and father to Grace is frequently away from home due to his busy job and hard-workingRead MoreThe Theme Of Revenge In Flight By Sherman Alexie1542 Words   |  7 PagesDo two wrongs ever make a right? Or as Zits, the main character of the novel Flight contemplates, â€Å"Is revenge a circle inside a circle inside a circle?† (77). In Flight, written by Sherman Alexie, the main character, a troubled Native American teenager named Zits travels through time and different bodies while learning about revenge, trauma, violence, forgiveness, family, and betrayal. All of these things pertain directly to Zits, and he uses these lessons to understand his life better. A scene inRead MoreThe Native American Spirit Quest Of A Half Indian Foster Child By Sherman Alexie896 Words   |  4 P agesSherman Alexie’s novel Flight explores the Native American spirit quest of a half Indian foster child. Alexie brilliantly invites readers into the mind of a cynical fifteen-year-old who calls himself Zits. Zits uses humor, violence, and shock value to cope with how he has been treated by his absent father and the foster system. Zits’ uses his vocabulary as a defense mechanism which reveals how comfortable he feels in various situations. The following paragraphs analyze how Zits’ speech patterns provideRead MoreFlight Patterns Essay1056 Words   |  5 Pages Sherman Alexie’s Flight Patterns tries to tackle a challenging subject. It probes the underbelly of modern life, sifting through the cloudy American mind that’s full of seemingly useless information, in search of what’s truly important in life. This happens through the stories two main scenes. The first depicts William’s relationship with his daughter and wife, and conflicts in life. The second engages William in a taxi-cab conversation that shuffles his priorities and forces him to confront his

Financial Reporting Incentives Conservative Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Financial Reporting Incentives for Conservative Accounting. Answer: Introduction With the gradual movement of time, there has been a major reliance and compulsion of having a level of transparency as it leads to a greater projection and enhances the goodwill. This not only provides a better environment but also leads to competitive advantage. This has attracted both threat, as well as opportunities because of the vast presence of issues pertaining to environmental, social, etc. hence; this needs the attention of the accountants and demands better practice. Accountancy is concerned with the formulation of rules and policies thereby addressing the issues in a well defined manner thereby curtailing the risk to a considerable extent. The performance of environment is in tune with the natural capital that can be termed as the natures resources and the method undertaken by the management to deliver the goods, as well as services. On the contrary, the social performance highlights the effect of the organization on human and social capital while human capital deals with the efficiency, skills and motivation. Sustainable development Sustainable development is defined as the development that satisfies the needs of present without compromising the needs of the future generations. It is also said that sustainable development is the rational management of human, natural and economic resources that aims to satisfy the essential needs which are required by everyone in the long run (Slaper Hall, 2011). It is an act of management that uses the resources in a manner so that the future generation are not devoid of the benefits. It aims at creating a balance between present and future economic development by ensuring conservation of natural resources and environmental pollution. It requires integrating the economic and environmental goals (KMPG, 2016). However, the focus of sustainable development is not only to protect the environment but also to create a strong and just society. There are certain sustainable development goal which are to take an action and end poverty, protect the planet and ensures that all people enjo y peace and prosperity. This sustainable development is also known as global goals. Sustainable development can be conceptually broken into three parts: environment sustainability, economic sustainability and socio-political sustainability. There are certain principles which need to be followed to achieve the global goals (Oates, 2009). Some of the principles are-The principle of social responsibility- In the long run, unsustainable patterns of production and consumption must be changed to improve the standard of living (ACCA, 2009). The polluter pay principle- It means that the party responsible for causing pollution is made liable to pay for the damages caused to the environment. This principle is also known as Extended Polluter Responsibility. The principle of utilising local resources-Efforts should be made to supply the needs of communities on a local level from local resources. Utilisation of manmade resources and cultural heritage are also very important tasks (Eccles Krzus, 2010). The principle of public participation- Peoples knowledge about sustainable development, its social and economic implications and about sustainable solution should be enhanced and clarified. Role of Accounting in sustainable development Accounting directly and indirectly contributes towards the sustainable development. It is like a sub category of financial accounting which discloses the non financial information about the firm. It gives an account of the social responsibilities carried out to encourage sustainable development. It is a tool used by an organisation to become more sustainable (Ibrahim et. al, 2013). The inclusions of environmental considerations as a part of corporate strategy improve corporate performance. It helps in creating awareness of how they can help an organisation address issues of sustainability and more fully incorporate their issues in business strategy. Accounting for sustainability involves linking sustainability initiatives to company strategy, evaluating risks and opportunities, and providing measurement, accounting and performance management skills to ensure that the sustainability is embedded into the day to day operations of the company (Ibrahim et. al, 2013). There are certain performances that are assessed with financial measures include personal income and expenditure, employment, taxes and business climate factors. Establishing a healthy business and cash flow is an important aspect of the business. The main reason why business exists is to satisfy the needs of people. To achieve this, the company need to invest a lot of resources for formulating strategies that can enhance customer satisfaction. The company also has to divert significant amount of resources in promotional activities so that they can ascertain that their clients are well advised concerning their products. Wage and benefits are primary motivating factors for employees in most of the companies. There is a comparison between other benefits such as pension and health that are given to employees. Training is very essential in sharpening the skills of the employees and also motivating them. This component pre determines the programs that are necessary for fostering the participation of employees in taking decisions. The ratio for the budget of training to that of annual operating costs needs to be included only when the training has been carried out. The aspect of employment usually focuses on the financial aspects of jobs being offered with the aim of making sure that the companys resources are not mismanaged and are used in an effective manner. It entails assessing the total workforce in terms of the employment type, the number and rate of employment as well as the region. The measure must include any benefits provided to full time employees which temporary worker does not receive. Social measures are made in reference to the community or a particular area. This variable covers employment rate, median household income, relative poverty, life expectancy as well as the rate of crime. When the company demonstrates its contribution social responsibility then it can increase its profitability. Social initiatives can be taken by staff, community or the suppliers (Integrated reporting, 2016). The key benefits of following the social measures includes the long term profitability, improved retention of staffs, building strong image of the company as well as gaining customers loyalty and confidence. Such variable measure the natural resources and can reflect the potential influence in terms of its effectiveness. Internal factors may include the energy consumed per employee or consumer, spills, penalties and fines. The external factors may cover aspects such as quality of air, water, solid and toxic waste, natural resources, energy consumption as well as use of land (Integrated reporting, 2016). There are certain specific measures that are taken into account when making an assessment of the environment component and these include solid waste management, hazardous waste management, electricity consumption and alterations in the usage of land. There is a comparative analysis done of the cost of different sources of energy and its effectiveness. The use of energy directly affects the environment and its affects are extended to the global level. The use of non renewable resource should be minimised to safe the future generations from deprivations of such resources. Integrated Reporting in Australia The scandals in the corporate arena has highlighted that the ESG management that is the environment, social and governance matter of a company influences the performance that is in tune with the finance and this leads to a strong influence over the value of the shareholder. Thereby, integrated reporting goes beyond the traditional time span and inter links both financial, as well as non-financial data so that proper information can be provided to the stakeholders that deals with the performance of the organization. The IIRC has strongly provided an integrated framework that helps in proper communication that helps the stakeholders. When it comes to the point of view of Australia, firms of internal advisory such as Deloitte, PwC has provided their consent to the matter of integrated reporting after proper identification of the utility of information of non-financial nature (Carol et. al, 2016). It is of the view that when an organization is integrated in nature, it leads to a policy, as well as vision that heads in a proper direction and helps in disclosing information that pertains to financial, as well as non-financial. Innumerable companies have opined that the concept of integrated reporting is of great use because it has a dual nature as it signifies the deficiency present in the present framework and even projects how the management of financial can and non-financial information can be done (Barbu et. al, 2014). When it comes to Australia, there are regulations prescribed by ASX and the companies need to adhere to it. But, when it comes to the prospect and benefits of integrated reporting, there is huge requirement for disclosing the information. This is due to the fact that the plan of integrated reporting helps in covering a major chunk of the company in terms of parameters and information thereby overtaking other financial details. Moreover, taking into view point the current market scenario of Australia, it can be commented that the there are various s takeholders group like investors, agencies, etc. that require valuable information and it helps in the evaluation of the company. Hence, for such group it is imperative that the awareness should be increased and advocated so that the importance of other factors can be known (Barbu et. al, 2014). Hence, in such a situation, integrated reporting can be of great use that helps in providing valuable information in terms of challenges and opportunities. Importance of Integrated Reporting Reporting in Australia has tend to be investor friendly that helps in value creation together with the concept of high governance and sustainability. It leads to a better show inn terms of leadership and generation of values. Moreover, as per ICAA, the IR concept even facilitates the emergence of teams of finance and CFO. The participants were not present in initiative that was done on a voluntary basis. Further, there is no reporting structure that will accommodate the concept of Global reporting Initiative (GRI), World Resources Institute, etc (Druckman, 2016). Hence, amidst the entire scenario, it can be said that the present, as well a future performances can be achieved when IR concept is put into implementation. IR is relevant in every respect because it leads to enhanced level of performance. In reality, creativity, as well as learning leads to enhanced level of performance (Bushman Piotroski, 2006). It prepares the organization with a strong model that is ready to adapt to a ny situation and hence, benefits the long term perspective of the company. IR projects the developments that happens in the recent times and report the actions that are undertaken by the company such as traditional report, CSR, sustainable development, environmental report, etc (Melville, 2013). Conclusion The report sheds light on the concept of sustainability and integrated reporting. Both the concept are of paramount importance because it is directly in tune with the future prospect of the company. All these are characterized by different dimensions that affect performance and these include financial, social and environmental. The performance measures under the environmental dimensions are greenhouse gases, waste, energy as well as water while performance measure for social dimensions includes managing the supply chains and social initiatives involving the community (Spiceland et. al, 2011). Finally, the dimension of economics and finance is concerned with performance measures such as customer satisfaction, employment, employee training, wage benefits. The company may face any kind of challenges which may be related to any of the category but it should carry out its operations intelligently. Therefore, both the concept IR and sustainability holds a special importance and it is the d uty of the company to have a strong hold over these concepts so as to have a strong reporting. References ACCA 2009, Key Issues in Sustainability Assurance, Research report 115, The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants. Barbu, EM, Dumontier, P, Feleaga, N, Feleaga, L 2014, 'A Proposal of an International Environmental Reporting Grid: What Interest for Policymakers, Regulatory Bodies, Companies, and Researchers?', The International Journal of Accounting, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 253. Bushman, R. Piotroski, R 2006, Financial reporting incentives for conservative accounting: The influence of legal and political institutions, Journal of Accounting and Economics, vol. 42, pp. 107-148. Carol, A.A, Brad, P, Prakash J. S, Jodi Y 2016, Exploring the implications of integrated reporting for social investment (disclosures), The British Accounting Review, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 286-296 Druckman, P 2013, Integrate reporting framework aims to promote lasting sustainable change, viewed 24 October 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/integrated-reporting-framework-sustainable-change Eccles, R.G. Krzus, M. 2010, One Report: Integrated Reporting for a Sustainable Strategy, Wiley, New Jersey, USA. Ibrahim M, S Osama F Attayah, P 2013, Critical Factors Influencing Voluntary Disclosure: The Palestine Exchange PEX, Global Journal of Management and Business Research Finance, vol. 13 no. 6, pp. 9-15 Integrated reporting (IR) 2016, What? The tool for better reporting, viewed 28 November 2016, https://integratedreporting.org/what-the-tool-for-better-reporting/ KMPG 2016, Performance insight through Better Business Reporting, viewed 28 November 2016, https://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/road-to-integrated-reporting.pdf Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, 4th edition, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Oates, T. 2009, Jigsaw must be complete, Sustainable Business, Sydney. Slaper, T. F., Hall, T. J. 2011, The Triple Bottom Line: What Is It and How Does It Work? Indiana Business Review. vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 6-10. Spiceland, J., Thomas, W. Herrmann, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin,University Press.

Reflection #1 Essays - Education, Educational Psychology, Pedagogy

Reflection #1: Every teacher should be able to use modeling to keep their students engage d , focus ed , and involved in classroom activities . W hen it comes to ELL students , teacher s have a bigger challenge. EL L students are very visual and they have a more complicated challenge. It is true that modeling help s to promote learnin g and motivation, but I believe that that is not all about the teacher doing and the students listening and watching. ELL students' should be able to engage in modeling by using cognitive skil ls, visual skills, and communication skills to comprehend the lesson. As a native Spanish speaker , it is so important for teachers to understand that bilingual students have double the work. They have to think in their native language first, then mentally translate to be able to participate and understand the lesson. Teachers that have ELL students should keep in mind that speech is very important. Being able to be patient and talk slow ly and clear ly will help the s e students to be successful. For me it comes easier because I understand how it feel s to be an ELL student. I have had the experience of being in the classroom and having to ask the teacher to slow down so I can make a quick mental translation to be able to comprehend the lesson. ELL students are visual learners. When you present a visual gu ide to ELL students, it is easier for them to interpret the lesson plan and follow directions. They feel more secure and comfortable to be able to follow a task and learn from it. Most ELL students are embarrassed to tell the tea cher that they didn't understand the lesson because they don't want native English speakers to make fun of them. I t i s very important for teachers to let every students know that they all going through a learning experience, that way ELL students would feel comfortable to ask questions. As a future teacher I will encourage ELL students to feel comfortable reading books of their own native language and then check to see if there is an English version of the same book. Reading books in the native language will help them compare and contrast with the English language. ELL students would be able to expand their language, knowledge, and understand better new words and phrases. Also I believe this is a good cultural learning experience for everyone. Reflection #2 Breaking down barriers between culture s is important because it helps students see each other as equal s . A teacher's pedagogy should m ake students' feel value d , respected, and accommodated . I t i s important for the teacher to be a positive influence at all times. We don't know what these kids are going through at home . Sometimes the school is the only they place where they f eel safe and respected. A good teacher know s that if you have a good and safe environment for the students they will be successful. I know the salary of a teacher is not as high as other professions, but when you have teachers that take extra time and spend their own money to do things like decorating the classroom the students appreciate that and they feel more comfortable. Some kids don't have a clean space to study at home and coming to a nice looking classroom make s them feel safe and relax ed . Even the c olors and the lighting of a classroom help the students to concentrate better and they do better on homework and tests. Students also feel appreciated when teachers value their effort. For example I keep all my students drawings and pictures because I want them to know that I appreciate their art, creativity , and effort. Another way to value our students is through music. Music is a big part of their lives. It i s so beautiful when teacher share s their music. It awakens the ir curiosity, creativity, and background knowledge. When we play music in Spanish class some kids will sing along with the words , some will

Unit Typography free essay sample

Assignment Instructions Unit: 9 Instructions: This weeks assignment consists of watching a scenario about Sandwich Blitz, Inc. and answering questions regarding the use of new technology as a means of improving communication between employees and customers. Sandwich Blitz, Inc. has a great problem an increase in the number of customers! Employees have been consistently reporting that they are overwhelmed by the volume of customers and management has noticed that the number of reported errors in customer orders has increased. Dalman and Lei have decided to adopt an e-customer order system that will allow customers to input their own orders. This would address the issue of employees being overwhelmed by the increased pace of the workplace. Dalman and Lei will first communicate their decision to the managers who report to them in an e-mail communication. They are aware of how important it is to exhibit professionalism and business etiquette in constructing an e-mail message to the managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit Typography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is important for Dalman and Lei to gain the support of the managers since they will have key roles in leading this change at the store level. Referring to Kotter’s Eight Steps to Leading Change from the text, describe what management must do to lead this change in technology to automated customer service by creating an e-mail message (type it in a Word document) from Dalman and Lei to Sandwich Blitz’s middle management, addressing how they intend to implement each of the steps in the change process. Be sure to construct your message in a clear and professional manner. The goal of this communication is to inform the managers of what is required to lead this change and to gain their support in its implementation at the store level. Student Checklist: 1. Clearly identify the problem that Dalman and Lei are faced with 2. In a Word document, compose an e-mail message from Dalman and Lei to Sandwich Blitz’s middle management, explaining the steps necessary to manage this new technology change. Copyright Kaplan University Assignment Instructions Unit: 9 Submit Assignment to the Dropbox Draft your Assignment paper at least one full double-spaced page in length, using size 12 Times New Roman type font in MS Word format. Be sure your paper is well written in paragraph form, with correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Be sure to name your file according to the Kaplan filenaming convention. For additional help submitting to the Dropbox, please see the Dropbox Guide under Academic Tools. Grading Rubric Unit 9 Grading Rubric 50% Possible Points 22. 5 Analysis and Critical Thinking: Responses demonstrated critical thinking and analysis and exhibited application of information. 30% 13. 5 Spelling, Grammar, Format: Clear business writing. Spelling and grammar are acceptable. Formatting follows instructions. Total 20% 9 100% 45 Content, Focus, Use of Text and Research: ? Clearly identified the problem that Dalman and Lei are faced with in the scenario ? Percentage Specifically identified and addressed each of the 8 steps necessary to manage this change. Copyright Kaplan University

How to Get Rid of Christmas Tree Insects

How to Get Rid of Christmas Tree Insects Theres nothing like the smell of an evergreen tree to get you in the holiday spirit. But when you bring a live or cut Christmas tree indoors, some of the insects that have called your Christmas tree home might be joining you for the holiday season. Heres what you need to know about Christmas tree insects. Holiday Bugs Pose a Very Small Risk   You really dont need to worry about bringing any dangerous or destructive pests inside with your Christmas tree. Your home isnt an appropriate habitat for insects that inhabit coniferous forests, and they arent going to move in for good. Lacking food and adequate humidity to survive, most Christmas tree insects die soon after moving indoors. Just keep an eye out - if you find insects, they wont bite or sting and wont travel far from the tree. Insects that Live in Christmas Trees Coniferous trees attract a variety of small insects that may be visible only in large numbers. Aphids are common pests of evergreen trees, and the warm conditions of your home may cause overwintering aphid eggs to hatch. Some conifers host adelgids, which produce cottony secretions over their bodies. Mites and scale insects also inhabit Christmas trees. Larger Christmas tree insects include bark beetles and praying mantids. Adult mantids will be long gone from the cold temperatures, but mantid egg cases can hatch when introduced to the warmth of your home. If that happens, youll have hundreds of tiny mantids wandering in search of food. Christmas trees often harbor spiders, too. Check for Insects Outside Harmless or not, you probably dont want to spend the holiday season with bugs crawling around among the presents or flying into your windows trying to escape. You can minimize the chance of Christmas tree insects wandering around your living room, though, before you get it inside. When choosing a tree, inspect it carefully. Look for signs of aphids or other small insects. Theyll likely appear as little brown or red dots. Adelgids resemble a dusting of snow. And dont forget to examine the undersides of branches. Check each branch for egg cases, which could contain praying mantises. Prune out any you find because your warm home will feel like spring and induce eggs to hatch. Brown cocoons may harbor sawflies. Look at the trunk, too - small holes with sawdust trails are a sign of bark beetles. Reject any tree that seems heavily infested with pests. Before bringing the Christmas tree in the house, shake it vigorously to dislodge insects and spiders. Remove any bird nests, as these can contain mites. If you want to be sure that you found all the bugs, putting the tree in a five-gallon bucket of water in the garage for a few days can serve your peace of mind. If you do want to go after bugs found on the tree, dust it with diatomaceous earth, which dries out any bugs it comes into contact with. Wear eye and face protection when applying, as its actually pulverized rock that you dont want in your eyes or lungs. Shake the tree to remove excess before bringing it inside. Christmas Tree Insects Indoors Whatever you do, do not spray aerosol pesticides on your Christmas tree, as these products are flammable! Insects require humidity to live, and most will desiccate and die within a matter of days. Additionally, they will be unable to survive without food. It is much safer, and better for your health, to simply vacuum up any dead insects you find.

An Account Plan to pitch the Kmarts product or services to targeted Term Paper

An Account Plan to pitch the Kmarts product or services to targeted clients, and to know how they use the company's service - Term Paper Example The researcher explores six steps to present the Kmart products and services. The first step is to approach the clients in a friendly manner, and introduce the customer to the product and services, and to present the legality of the products. The next step is to demonstrate the products quality and features. After demonstration, the next step is to find solutions acceptable for both the parties to use win-win negotiations strategy. The fifth step is to focus on closing the deal with the clients, using the new method of closing the deal. The last step is concerned with servicing the sales, by regular customer follow-ups. â€Å"Kmart, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sears Holdings Corporation, is a mass merchandising company that offers customers quality products through a portfolio of exclusive brands that include Jaclyn Smith, Joe Boxer, County Living, Route 66 and Smart Sense†. Most of the Kmart stores are single floor units that carry a wide range of products across many mercha ndise categories. It includes consumer electronics, outdoor living, food and consumables, seasonal merchandise, toys, lawn and garden equipment, and apparels, which includes products sold under renowned brands like Jaclyn Smith and Joe Boxer, and some monopolistic products of sears brand such as Kenmore, Craftsman, and Diehard. Kmart has a layaway program that helps the customers finance their purchases in a cost-effective manner. In addition, Kmart expanded their business in such a manner that the customers can receive their purchases, by applying online and collecting them from stores.... Kmart Super Centers started its operation at first with full-service grocery and general merchandise stores and later on with features like full-scale video rental center and a carryout Chinese menu. Now the current locations are featured by in-house bakeries, seafood and fresh meats, and a full set of delicatessen. Kmart Super Centers size varies from 140,000 to 190,000 sq. ft. The world's largest Kmart store is in Guam. a. What are some of the concerns that need to be addressed with the client? Being an Account Executive of Kmart, the first thing I would like to do is to introduce myself to the customers, and then inform them about the company. We are focusing mainly on the upper class and the upper middle class people. Then I will explain about the changes we have made within the company, the new range of products we are introducing, the various discount offers for the products, the changes that have been made by us in customer service and to solve customers’ complaints. b. Is there any legality that needs to be negotiated? Consumer satisfaction is the basic goal of our company. The customers can return and exchange their purchased items within 90 days of the original date of purchase along with an original receipt or email confirmation. â€Å"Refunds will not be given without a receipt /email confirmation. Price adjustments will be given on prior Kmart purchases within 7 days of purchase† (Kmart, 2012). C. What is the approach? At first, we welcome the customer with warm greetings, which is indeed a friendly approach. I ask them what I have to do for them. Up front, let the customer know that customer service is my top priority. Then we use merchandising approach to talk to the customer. Then we can explain about the product, its uses and

Warfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Warfare - Essay Example This kind of warfare more closely resembles the kind of decentralised wars from the earlier periods of human history (Thornton, 2007). The 4GW system indicates that the nation state structure has had to relinquish its monopoly on well defined combat forces as the nature of conflict often forces them to return to modes of conflict displayed in pre-modern times. The warfare displayed in the 21st century clearly demonstrates the presence and eventual dominance of the non-state actors in theatres of war. Often conflict is characterised as violent struggle between at least one non-state actor and other state actors. This is far more similar to pre-modern times such as the slave uprising against the Roman Republic under Spartacus. Certain elements of the 4GW make it far more different than other modes of conflict and are described in detail below. In general terms the conflicts in the 4GW system are complex and based on long term commitment to violence (Hammes, 2006). As an example, the Se cond World War which claimed the greatest number of lives on the planet continued for a mere six years while conflicts in the 4GW regime can continue for a decade or more such as the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, the US campaign in Iraq and Afghanistan etc. Moreover the use of terrorism as a tactic of such prolonged campaigns is a defining feature of 4GW conflicts. Terrorism can be seen continuing even after the expected end of conflicts in the 4GW period and this in turn often sparks the conflict again (Schmid & Jongman, 1988). The presence of terrorist activities makes such conflicts and their ends rather unpredictable. As an example, the rebellion of the Tamils in Sri Lanka continued for decades without respite and the interlaced periods of cease fire between the Tamils and the Sri Lankan military were often disrupted by acts of terrorism that reactivated the state of war. In order to support the activities required to engage in 4GW, it is necessary to use a decentralised pre sence on the part of the engaged parties. This is often achieved using non-national or trans-national bases that are highly decentralised (Hoffman, 2006). As is often the case in such circumstances, the leadership of the violent non state actor lies in another state while the actual conflict proceeds in another state. The presence and adept handling of communication equipment has enabled the relaying of information over large distances and in such situations with reliability. This ensures that the central leadership can operate from foreign theatres of operation in order to avoid danger near the battlefield. The evolution of recent wars has made this precept of 4GW all the stronger (Juergensmeyer, 2000). More often than not the central leadership is composed of multiple nationalities, ethnic and racial identities working together to achieve common objectives. This enables the leadership to be split up into multiple locations which makes it harder for enemy combatants to close down o nto the central leadership and disassemble it (Rodin, 2006). The leadership is often small in size unlike the conventional tactics employed in nation state armies. The leadership is highly varied as mentioned before and so a network of communication must exist in order to manage the theatre of conflict. One important

Associations such as the ACM and the Australian Computer Society have Essay

Associations such as the ACM and the Australian Computer Society have developed code of ethics for computing professionals - Essay Example Organisations such as Association for Computer Machinery (ACM) and Australian Computer Society (ACS) are strong advocates of ethical practices by IT personnel and have laid out sets of recommendations. This essay will look at some of their codes and how they can have practical use in reducing clearly identified threats to computer systems. At the outset, it is important to remember that almost any sort of business enterprise today will have a dedicated IT department. Hence the code of ethics laid down by ACM and ACS are applicable to IT personnel of such departments, irrespective of the business domain of the particular organisation. Some of the frequently occuring information security breaches are common for almost all businesses that are enabled by Information Technology. Broadly speaking, the term system security threats refers to â€Å"the acts or incidents that can and will affect the integrity of business systems, which in turn will affect the reliability and privacy of business data†. (Lin, 2006). Irrespective of the size of the organisation, the threat is persistent, and hence measures have to be undertaken to curb security breaches and ensure business continuity. Beyond the commonly identified security threats such as Viruses, Spyware, Adware, etc, a major source of information leakage and misappropriation occurs due to the abuse/misuse of computer network by employees themselves. (Lin, 2006). Since IT personnel have privileged access to vital business information, it is often very tempting for them to misuse this privilege and undermine the prospects for their employers. Employees are also prone to using Internet connectivity for their personal use when in fact they were strictly meant for official use. For example while email and general Internet access are given to improve productivity, surveys have shown that employees (including IT personnel) use them for such activities as online-shopping, playing games, social

Basic Strategies Used To Respond To Uncertainty Management Essay

Basic Strategies Used To Respond To Uncertainty Management Essay Nestle is the worlds leading nutrition, health, wellness company. The headquarter of Nestle company is located in Vevey, Switzerland. That is in 1866, there was a first European condensed milk factory opened in Cham, Switzerland. The name of the company is Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company which established by brothers George Page and Chatles Page. After that year, the founder of Nestlà ©, Henri Nestle, a German pharmacist, developed a combination of cows milk, wheat flour and sugar, which name as Farine Lactee. The launched of Farine Lactee had become the largest competitor of Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. In 1905, Nestlà © merged with Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company after a couple of decades as fierce competitors to form the Nestlà © and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. In 1929, the chocolate company Peter, Cailler , Kohler Chocolats Suisses S.A. joined Nestlà ©. And in 1947, Nestlà © change its name to Nestlà © Alimentana S.A after merged with Maggi, a well-known manufacturer of seasonings and soups. In 1974, Nestlà © for the first time diversified outside the food industry and they become a major shareholder in LOreal, one of the worlds leading maker of cosmetic products. And then finally, the last name change that the company would endure was in 1977, where it adopted the name Nestlà © S.A. The first product that launched by Nestlà © is Farine Lactee Nestlà ©, a combination of cows milk, wheat flour and sugar. Farine Lactee was launched by Henri Nestle in 1867 and it was supported by the public. After that, Nestlà © also launched Milo in 1934. Milo is a chocolate and malt powder which is mixed with hot or cold water to produce a beverage and it is developed by Thomas Mayne in Sdyney, Australia. After the launched of Milo, another product launched by Nestlà © that famous among the world which is Nescafe. Nescafe is a powdered coffee that was introduced in Switzerland on April 1, 1938 after being developed for seven or eight years by Max Morgenthaler and Vernon Chapman. Another product that pull Nestlà © toward success is Nestlà © Pure Life, a bottled mineral water that launched in 1998. The smart strategy of Nestlà © had bring them toward the road of success. In 2012, Nestlà © has around 8,000 brands on the market included coffee, bottled water, milkshakes and other beverages, breakfast cereals, infant foods, performance and healthcare nutrition, seasonings, soups and sauces, frozen and refrigerated foods, and pet food. Organizational chart Planning and Strategic Management Basic strategies used to respond to uncertainty Nestlà © is a company that mainly act as a prospector while responding to uncertainty. Prospectors focus on developing new products or services and in seeking out new markets, rather than waiting for things to happen. Nestlà © had create many brands and many different types of products to satisfy consumers needs and wants. The table below showed the list of product of Nestlà ©. Types of Products Brand Baby foods Cerelac, Gerber, Gerber Graduates, NaturNes, Nestum Bottled water Nestlà © Pure Life, Perrier, Poland Spring, S.Pellegrino Cereals Chocapic, Cini Minis, Cookie Crisp, Estrelitas, Fitness, Nesquik Cereal Chocolate confectionery Aero, Butterfinger, Cailler, Crunch, Kit Kat, Orion, Smarties, Wonka Coffee Nescafà ©, Nescafà © 3 in 1, Nescafà © Cappuccino, Nescafà © Classic, Nescafà © Decaff, Nescafà © Dolce Gusto, Nescafà © Gold, Nespresso Culinary, chilled and frozen food Buitoni, Herta, Hot Pockets, Lean Cuisine, Maggi, Stouffers, Thomy Dairy Carnation, Coffee-Mate, La Laitià ¨re, Nido Drinks Juicy Juice, Milo, Nesquik, Nestea Food service Chef, Chef-Mate, Maggi, Milo, Minors, Nescafà ©, Nestea, Sjora, Lean Cuisine, Stouffers Healthcare nutrition Boost, Nutren Junior, Peptamen, Resource Ice cream Dreyers, Extrà ªme, Hà ¤agen-Dazs, Mà ¶venpick, Nestlà © Ice Cream Petcare Alpo, Bakers Complete, Beneful, Cat Chow, Chef Michaels Canine Creations, Dog Chow, Fancy Feast, Felix, Friskies, Gourmet, Purina, Purina ONE, Pro Plan Sports Nutrition PowerBar Weight management Jenny Craig In the effort of seeking out new markets, Nestlà © had employed around 330 000 people in over 150 countries and have 461 factories or operations in 83 countries. Nestlà © also becomes one of the sponsors in many events. For example, on 27 January 2012, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) announced that Nestlà © will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAFs Kids Athletics Program for the consecutive of 5 years starting from January 2012. This is one of the biggest grassroots development programs in the world of sports. In the year 2012, Nestlà © expect that it will be a challenging year as they will face many uncertainties in the global economy and. However, as a prospector, the company had made specific plans to overcome the uncertainties. They believe that they have good fundamentals and will be able to diversify the global uncertainties. Nestlà © aim to continue the innovation and renovation of their products as long as launching further promotion of nutritional diets and healthy lifestyles Nestlà © will remain vigilant and will take all necessary method to soften any impact on their business due to the volatile commodity prices that were expected to continue in 2012. Besides that, Nestlà © Company can also be considering as an analyzer. Analyzers let other organizations take the risks of product development and marketing and then imitate or perhaps slightly improve on what seems to work best. For example, Nestlà © was Gail Bordens most successful imitators in the production of milk. Nestlà © imitate and make changes based on the condensed milk manufactured by Bordens first canned milk factory. Nestlà © invented a powdered milk food that primarily composed of cows milk and then mixed with water. By 1868, this product was being sold in Switzerland, Germany, France and England. After five year, the product was available throughout Europe. Eventually, Pet Milk and Carnation Milk were produced and sold in United States. In the 21th century, humans wants are unlimited. Therefore, Nestlà © create new brands on the products that already exist in the market and are needed for the consumers to widen their choice. Mission and Vision Nestlà ©s mission is to provide consumers with safe and convenient high quality food products so that people can live a better life. They are friendly, caring and efficient organization and they believe that research can help them make better food so that they can provide selections for all individual taste and lifestyle preferences. We should responsible we role, that means we need to responsive to the social, environmental, economic and cultural aspirations of people anytime, whilst ensuring our shareholders a reasonable return on their investment. Our staff can succeed job satisfaction, self-development and their reasonable targets because Nestlà © are seen as a perfect place of employment with good working conditions and benefits, with an internal environment. Nestlà ©s vision is to providing customers with high quality products and services with added value at competitive prices, simultaneously ensuring the long term viability and profitability of the organization. We have to continue to struggle to get the recognition and satisfy the trust our customers and business partners place in us. Our ambition As the leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company we enhance lives by offering tastier and healthier food and beverage choices at all stages of life and at any time of the day, helping consumers care for themselves and their families. This is the foundation of our promise of Good Food, Good Life and puts nutrition at the heart of everything we do.It is our firm belief that, for a company to be successful over time and create value for its shareholders, it must also create value for society. We call this Creating Shared Value. Built on strong foundations of compliance and sustainable business practices, this is our way to do business and to be the trusted leader in Nutrition, Health and Wellness. SWOT analysis Grand Strategy Grand strategy is a systematic, comprehensive, long-term plan of all the company use to achieve their goals. Market, product, and organization development is the main element of this strategy. There are three types of strategy such as Growth strategies, Stability Strategy and Defensive Strategy. Growth strategy involves the expansion of a company. Stability strategy is a strategy there are no-change strategy or little change strategy. Defensive strategy is a control to reduce the probability of loss. Nestlà © is a company that apply growth strategy. Nestlà © started the business in the year of 1866 with a first European condensed milk factory and today becomes the worlds biggest food producer. The product of Nestlà © such as Milk, Beverages, Coffee, Ice-cream, Confectionery Chocolate, Junior Food and other, has make a sales of CHF 44.1 billion in 2012 from 74,660 million at 1999. There net profit increase from 8% to 9.5billion Swiss francs ($10.35 billion) that show at9 August 2012. In 2003,Nestlà © got around 328,000 people that are Nestlà ©s staff in 70 countries and have many operations or factories in the world compare to the old figure of employee in 1998 299,800 people. Besides that, Nestlà © is increasing the size of their company year by year. One of the strategies is give different promotion on day. They give a discount for customer by using coupons. For example, Nestlà © Toll House Birthday Sugar Cookies can save 55$ if we print out the coupons to buy. In addition, Nestlà © also provide the samples food for customer in a promotion time, for instance, Maggi MeeGorengget the FREE Samples of the Delicious in 2nd  July 2012 to 2nd  August 2012. These was the successful strategy of Nestlà © in now a day. Nestlà © begin the business at 1866 with the combination of cows milk, wheat flour and sugar. After 1 year, infant cereal developed for a whole new world to babies. Next, the launch of Milo, Nescafe, Nestea, Nestlà © Pure Life, and Power Bar are launches at the years after 1929. Although these are many product launches, they merger with another company as an example Maggi and Ursina-Franck. Nestlà © did the high risky of investment in the follow year such as joint venture with LOreal, General Mills, Coca-Cola and Fonterra. In conclusion, Nestlà © was trying their best at the sales of product. It has a smart plan for the uncertainly. Growth strategy will give the increasing of cash, bank payment and other to the Nestlà © company and Nestlà © will improve in new product or new market in the future. Competitive Strategies Nestlà © mainly focused on differentiation strategy. Nestlà © is a quality focused company. They differentiate their products with their competitors by giving them better customer satisfaction and quality with in an acceptable price limit. All their market is based on quality products and customer satisfaction. The main factor that motivates a customer is to buy their goods is the nutritional content in their products. They also focused on creating a strong brand by creating brand equity. For have a better quality on their products, Nestlà © had created Nestlà © Nutrition, which is a global business organization designed to strengthen the focus on their core nutrition business. They believe that strengthening their leadership in this market is the key element of their corporate strategy. In order to reinforce their competitive advantage in this area, Nestlà © created Nestlà © Nutrition as an autonomous global business unit within the organization, and charged it with the operational and profit and loss responsibility for the claim-based business of Infant Nutrition, HealthCare Nutrition, and Performance Nutrition. This unit aims to deliver superior business performance by offering consumers trusted, science based nutrition products and services. In order to produce a better quality product, Nestlà © had made an effort on research and development. Research and development is a key of competitive advantage for Nestlà ©. Without research and development, Nestlà © could not have become the leader in food and beverage industries. With 29 research, development and technology facilities worldwide, Nestlà © has the largest research and development network of any food company. Based on the research and development done by Nestlà ©, they are able to produce many products that have a high quality in nutrition, wellness, taste, health, texture or convenience. Besides that, Nestlà © also use cost-leadership strategy for minor products. Nestlà © had used a new strategy called Nestlà ©s Popularly Positioned Products (PPPs) strategy that provide consumers with high-quality, nutritious products, regardless of where they sell them and the price point at which they sell them. PPPs focuses on the specific needs of 3 billion lower-income consumers worldwide. PPPs offer these consumers the opportunity to consume high-quality food products that provide nutritional value at an affordable cost and appropriate format. With a range of locally adapted distribution methods, including street markets, mobile street vendors and door to door distributors, PPPs are a source of income for street traders and individual distributors and contribute to the creation of local jobs. Recommendation Utilizing the identified strengths and opportunities Overcome the identified strengths and opportunities Conclusion Overall achievement Firstly, on 21 May 2012, Nestlà © was in the rank of No. 18 in The Gartner Supply Chain Top 25. The Gartner Supply Chain Top 25 is about leadership. Nestlà © has created a successful supply chain segment for its popular Nespresso line. Nestlà © is also highly advanced and integrated in its raw material sourcing strategies, and has invested significantly in supply development and innovation. Moreover, on 12 April 2012, Nestlà © becomes the first food and beverage company that receives A+ rating, which is the highest standard in Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) for Creating Shared Value report. This shows that Nestlà © do take seriously their responsibility to create shared value and conduct their business in a sustainable way. Next, Nestlà © won the ACCA Malaysia Sustainability Reporting Award 2011. This was because Nestlà © use Sustainability Reporting to communicate to stakeholders regarding the progress of their Creating Shared Value strategy, which is to create value simultaneously for society and their shareholders while carrying out our business activities. On 19 May 2011, Nestlà © receives top environment award which is the 27th World Environment Center (WEC) Gold Medal award for its commitment to environmental sustainability. This shows that Nestlà © was recognized as a global company that has demonstrated an example of sustainability in business practice. Furthermore, on 7 June 2011, Nestlà © became winner of the Stockholm Industry Water Award for its leadership and performance to improve water management in its internal operations and throughout its supply chain. Nestle also has a leading role in the 2030 Water Resources Group. In July 2010, Nestlà © Malaysia was crowned as a winner of the Asia Responsible Entrepreneurship Awards 2010 (AREA). This awards show that Nestlà © was recognized as an organization that have shown a lot of efforts, perseverance and courage in corporate social responsibility initiatives. Besides that, a Global Food Industry Award was given to Nestlà © by The International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST) .in 2010. Nestlà ©s dedication to food science and technology has been acknowledged by the IUFoST as long as Nestlà ©s efforts to advance global food science and technology for the benefit of everyone had been recognized by them. Last but not least, Nestlà © won the StarBiz-ICR Malaysia CR Awards in the year 2009. Nestlà © was one of the seven public-listed companies which were recognized and honoured for their outstanding Corporate Responsibility practices at the StarBiz-ICR Malaysia CR Awards 2009 presentation ceremony.

Organizational Plans Essay

Many organizations design and implement plans that are put into action to ensure that each department of a company is running as efficiently and as effectively as possible. There are three main plans that organizations use to assist managers with the tasks of achieving their goals; strategic planning, tactical planning, and operational planning. Strategic planning is the broad overview of goals and strategies made by top-level management, which are set for the long-term future. Tactical planning is taking these long-term goals and breaking them down into more specific and direct objectives. â€Å"Operational planning identifies the specific procedures and processes required at lower levels of the organization.† (Bateman & Snell, 2011). All three of these planning procedures are crucial in the success of an organized and successful company. In addition, a business might want to set up a contingency plan. A contingency plan will come into action if any of the prior plans should fail. If we take a look at Subaru of America, we can see that their structure depends on these three organizational plans. This vast of an organization needs as much planning as possible because there is such a variety of departments and management alike, there need to be plans set in place so that the company can operate as one complete unit. Using the strategic plan, Subaru of America is able to let its top-level managers make decisions for future business. Using the tactical plan, the strategic plan is broke down between departments and has specific goals and deadlines. These goals are then passed onto floor managers who in turn put the goals and strategies into action. These goals can either be â€Å"single-use,† or on going day-to-day tasks. References Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2011). Management: Leading & collaborating in a competitive world (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin

Soft Thinking and Intellectual Capital

{draw:frame} University of Glamorgan MSc International Logistics and Transport Programme/Strategic Procurement Management STRATEGY AS PRACTICE Soft Systems Thinking and Intellectual Capital Assignment 1 *Student No: *08193738 Assignment Date: 5 April 2009 *Submission Date:* 15 May 2009 Module Lecturer: Paul Davis Word Count:* * *2,* 600 Critically evaluate the role that Soft Systems thinking can play in promoting organisations Intellectual Capital. To evaluate the benefits of Soft Systems Thinking (SST) in promoting an organisational intellectual capital it is necessary to understand the concept of Soft Systems Methodology and how this methodology can be used to foster teamwork, communities of practice and social learning, and whether these learning outcomes adds knowledge to employees, and leads to improved professional practice and efficacy. So what price do you put on learning – and as an intangible asset does it need to be measured to promote Intellectual Capital (IC) to support the â€Å"effective delivery of strategic goals by focusing management activities and processes†. Andriessen (2004). Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) advocated by Checkland and Scholes (1990) is a methodology based on applying systems thinking to non system situations. It is a holistic way of dealing not with the problem but the â€Å"situation† in where there are â€Å"social, political and human activities† Checkland and Scholes (1990). As opposed to â€Å"hard system methodologies, which can be quantified, measured and are technology orientated. Soft Systems takes a group of â€Å"actors† through a process of a shared â€Å"problem† appreciation. Learning about the problem, then formulating a root definition of interrelated systems, these examine the relationships of the relevant subsystem: which are the stakeholders, such as customers, employees, the worldview (weltanschauungen) and the management who are â€Å"all active in the system and take collective action to improve the situation† Checkland (1981) Senge (1990) also describes systems thinking as having five learning disciplines, personal mastery, me_ntal models, shared vision, team learning, and the overarching discipline of systems thinking. Therefore, soft systems thinking is a tool that helps in the solving of problems involving human activities where the outcome is learning. Soft systems thinking can enable subjective perceptions of problems and potential solutions. Checkland and Scholes (1990). There are a number of different issues and approaches that can be used to develop a framework for the application of systems thinking for promoting the intellectual capital of any organisation. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) advocated by Checkland and Scholes (1990) helps to achieve a clearer understanding of organisational issues and problem â€Å"situations†, as it approaches issues holistically. â€Å"System thinking is a discipline for seeking wholes, recognizing patterns and interrelationships, and learning how to structure those relationships in a more effective and efficient way † Senge and Lannon-Kim (1991. Therefore, managers having a range of skills and knowledge can add value to any improvement initiative. Rose and Haynes (2001) developed and used the methodology in a number of settings in the NHS and Iles and Sunderland (2001) cited the potential of SSM as an aid to implementing organisational change initiatives at King’s College Hospital London. (Iles and Sunderland, 2001:35) Soft systems thinking can help organisations to develop new perspectives, as it accounts for factors that otherwise would be ignored. A human activity system, can compliment strategic frameworks, such as the â€Å"Balance Scorecard† to co-ordinate business activities and improve internal and external communications. Kaplan and Norton (1992) However, humans view problems differently because they come from different backgrounds, and have different cultural roots, experience, and education, and as a subsystem, different personalities and philosophies to life. Therefore; if a group of managers at different management levels and different departments are all involved in a complex â€Å"problem situation†, SST maybe an excellent tool to create a conceptual understanding of a problem, but it does not represent the real world, but by using system rules and principles it allows thinking to be structured, to develop some models, and the situation can be expressed as a rich picture Checkland, (1981); Checkland and Scholes (1990) Although, Checkland (1999) contrasts with the emphasis on reductionists thinking on obvious problems with definite solutions. People interpret problem situations from particular standpoints and in terms of distinctive interests. Fortune and Peters (1995) speaks about ‘complex discursive’ networks challenging the understanding of systems, problems and solutions to problems. This system of relationships between people, activities, and the world is defined by Lave and Wenger (1991), as a Community of Practice, (CoP) ‘which develops over time’ and ‘in relation to’ other central and overlapping communities of practice’ and is a fundamental condition for the existence of knowledge. The approach focuses on the â€Å"social interactive dimensions of situated learning†. As people in the group interact with each other, establishing a relationship through mutual engagement and a sense of joint enterprise. Wenger (2000) describes three modes of belonging to a social learning system, as â€Å"engagement, imagination and alignment†. These cannot be formed, but have to evolve overtime, as new members join and others leave. So how can organisations like the NHS establish communities of practice? Brown and Duguid (2001a) suggests managers can seek to structure spontaneity, structuring fragmented practice across the organisation, they can encourage alignments of changing practices between communities thereby assisting the transfer of knowledge across the organisation. (Brown and Duguid 2001a). An equally important view has emerged under the banner of ‘the knowledge-based view of the firm' (Grant 1996), emphasises the necessity of organisations to develop and increase the knowledge and learning capabilities of employees through knowledge gaining, knowledge sharing, and knowledge transfer, to achieve competitive advantage. To take it further Lave and Wenger (1991) saw the gaining of knowledge as a social process, in which people participated in communal learning, but at different levels depending on their authority in the group. It is the shared commitment that binds the members of the CoP in a single social entity, and although members of the CoP build up tangible communal resources, such as written files, procedures, processes and policies, (hard knowledge) intangible resources are also being built up such as experiences rituals and idioms (soft knowledge). Hildreth and Kimble (2002) argued that the underlying problems of managing this knowledge was that Knowledge Management (KM) failed to recognise that knowledge itself consists of both hard and soft knowledge, much like the Chinese concepts of Yin and Yan and are mutually interdependent. â€Å"Knowledge by itself produces nothing; only when it is integrated into a task does knowledge benefit society. (Drucker 1992) Hislop (2004) examined three cases studies of CoP’s in large European organisations and concluded that only one was successful in sharing knowledge between communities. The other two failed to do so because they did not share the same identity. So it could be concluded that although CoP’s are self controlled and self directed, and maybe of value to the business organisation, the actual benefit and contribution to the organisation could also be uncertain. Maybe, because group solidarity in human communities, is often at the price of hostility/non-cooperation towards non-group members. â€Å"There appears to be a natural human inclination for dividing the world into friends and enemies that is the basis of all politics. † (Fukuyama, 1995) So knowledge maybe personified tacitly in the experiences of a community of practitioners in an organisation or explicitly in the written files, but Knowledge Management (KM) is a critical task for any organisation. Reducing tacit knowledge into numbers the organisation stands to lose money, although knowledge can be safely stored on computer systems – the actual value could be lost if an employee leaves with the tacit knowledge on how to use the explicit knowledge. Employee retention/turnover is important as downsizing and retirement can cause a loss of shared knowledge and knowledge could be transferred to competitors and be damaging to an organisations competitive advantage. (Stovel and Bontis (2002). Stovel and Bontis (2002) also advocate that â€Å"productivity will drop for a time due to the learning curve involved as new employees’ gain the knowledge of the tasks involved and understands and learns from the organisational culture. Information and data can be stored but it is not until it has been processed in the minds of an individual and is communicated to others does it become knowledge (Alavi and Leidener 2001) so to make tacit knowledge explicit, there has to be knowledge transfer. Knowledge transfer within and between organisations is not a one-way activity, but a process of trial and error, feedback, and mutual adjustment of both the source and the recipient (Von Krogh, 2003: 373). There have been a number of studies which have shown that some of the benefits of knowledge sharing/transfer can help solve problems and increase performance, adaptation, collaboration and innovation. (Constant, Sproull and Kiesler, 1996; Brown and Duguid, 2000). However, there is a great deal of literature on knowledge management and innumerable definitions of knowledge and what knowledge is, Blackler (1995) describes knowledge as â€Å"multifaceted and complex, being both situated and abstract, implicit and explicit, distributed and individual, physical and mental, developing and static, verbal and encoded. † While Fowler and Pryke’s (2003) views the more human element of knowledge â€Å"as much the perception arising from information and refracted through the individual’s personal lens†. Whereas, Knowledge Management Systems refers to information systems, particularly with the use of technology, which is adopted and designed to support employees, there is an emerging awareness that there is a social element to the area of knowledge management, which focuses on a more human centred approach, as a means of managing knowledge in organisations (Hildreth et el 1999) It is now recognised that the performance of any organisation, private and public is very much dependent upon the knowledge of the employees. But, it is the social element or the concept of â€Å"social capital† and its role in knowledge management for developing and gaining competitive advantage, and more broadly intellectual capital (IC) popularised by Stewart in Fortune magazine (1994) which has relational elements and comprises of human capital, structural capital, and organisational capital (Edvinsson and Malone, 1997; Stewart, 1997; Sveiby, 1997; Guthrie and Petty, 2000) and is viewed also as being central to the sustainability of competitive advantage. Edvinson and Malone (1997) defined human_ capital_ as the value of everything that ‘leaves the company at five p. m. † That is to say that only the shared knowledge assets or the _structural _capital only remains, when employees walk out through the door. Social capital can be defined as a set of informal values or norms shared among members of a group that permits them to cooperate with one another. â€Å"If members of the group come to expect that others will behave reliably and honestly, then they will come to trust one another. Trust acts like a lubricant that makes any group or organisation run more efficiently. † (Fukuyama, 1999, p16) With trust and the co-operation in groups and the social interactions based on informal communication, the building of networks can have economic benefits, with the creation of business opportunities through networking as trust reduces the costs of contracts and legal actions and shared values can make negotiations more successful. Social capital may also create business opportunities by facilitating and exchanging semi – confidential information and mutual ncouragement. (Glaser, Edward L. , Laibson, David, and Sacerdote, Bruce 2002), Intellectual Capital is the intangible economic value of organisational capital (structures, processes and culture) and human capital (skills, behaviour and knowledge) and it is the intangible asset of knowledge that is now being added to the classical production factors of land labour and capital. Growth and innovation are now rel ying on the intellectual capital /knowledge of an organisation, and how it uses the knowledge to compete in the market (Kim and Mauborgine (1999). The field of intellectual capital stems from the need of organisations to have to quantify assets. So efficient management of intellectual capital is directly linked to measurement and valuation (Andrieseen 2004) and has necessitated the introduction of reporting and valuations models for IC (Liebowitz and Suen 2000) and as the literature suggest the most popular measure of IC is the difference between the market value and the book value of a knowledge based firm (Brennan and Connell 2000. ) According to (Tuban and Aronson 2001) Knowledge is critically important because as an asset it appreciates rather than depreciates. Knowledge increases so intellectual capital is going to improve. So by using systems thinking to promote Intellectual Capital could be a powerful approach for understanding the nature of ‘problems situations’ and the way they are dealt with and how to go about improving results. The key benefit of the system is that it involves seeing the whole picture and creates insights to problems and can nurture the way that communities of practice can co-operate and learn through shared knowledge and experiences. System thinking is not an easy approach as it requires a substantial investment of effort, and thought, though the results can be more than worth the investment. Central to these ideas is that intellectual capital is ‘embedded in both people and systems. The stock of human capital consists of humans (the knowledge skills and abilities of people) social (the valuable relationships among people) and organisational (the processes and routines within the firm)’ (Wright et al 2001:716). But there are criticisms of Soft Thinks Thinking as the system is unable to deal with conflicting nature of social systems, and that it is a conceptual methodology and does not represent the real world, and the methodology implies that actors in a situation have the freedom to instigate change and that conflict does exist but the methodology relies on compromise. Douglas and MacGregor 1960 in his book â€Å"Human side of Enterprise â€Å"maintained that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Many managers tend towards theory x, and generally get poor results. Enlightened managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Which demonstrates that you can’t legislate for human behaviour and those humans also by nature can be territorial and will protect their domain, by advocating knowledge is power. Lave and Wenger (1991) fail to explore the implications of the distribution of power when discussing CoP and Marshall and Rollinson (2004) suggests that Lave and Wenger ( 1991) discussions of meaning can be misinterpreted as ‘ excessively quiescent and consensual’ while in reality such activities are plagued by misunderstanding and disagreements. Without trust the members of the community of practice may be reluctant to share knowledge, and may become static in terms of their knowledge base be resistant to change. There are limitations to the communities of practice but, its does allow the means to explore the transfer of tacit knowledge management tools focused on the codification of knowledge. But a community of practice is one of a number of knowledge management tools, and different organisations require different tools. Other tools maybe needed to be developed to manage tacit knowledge as from the critic that soft thinking systems may not always be appropriate as a knowledge management tool. References Alavi, M. and D. Leidner 2001 Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues MIS Quarterly 25(1): 107-136 Andriessen, D. (2004). IC valuation and measurement: classifying the state of the art. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5, 230-242. Blacker F (1995) Knowledge, Knowledge work and organisations: An overview and interpretation, Organisation Studies 16 (6) Bontis, N. 1998). Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management Decision, 36, 63-76. Bontis, N. (2002). Managing organizational knowledge by diagnosing intellectual capital: Framing and advancing the state of the field. ?n Nick Bontis (? d. ), World Congress on Intellectual Capital readings (13-56). Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Bontis, N. , Dragonett i, N. C. , Jacobsen, K. & Roos, G. (1999). The knowledge toolbox: A review of the tools available to measure and manage intangible Resources. European Management Journal, 17, 391-402. Brennan, N. and Connell, B. (2000) â€Å"Intellectual capital: current issues and policy implications†, _Journal of Intellectual capital_, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp206-240. Brooking, A. (1996). Intellectual capital: Core asset for the third millennium enterprise. London: International Thomson Business Press. Brown J S and Duguid P (2000a) Structure and Spontaneity; knowledge and organisation – In Nonaka, I and Teece D (Eds) Managing Industrial Knowledge London Sage, 44-67. Checkland, Peter B. , 1981. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. Checkland, Peter B. , and Jim Scholes, 1990. Soft Systems Methodology in Action. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Constant, D. , Sproull L. , and Kiesler, S. (1996). The kindness of strangers: The usefulness of electronic weak ties for technical advice. Organization Science, 7(2): 119-135. Drucker P F (1992). The New Society of Organisations: 70(5):95-104 Edvinsson, L. (1997). Developing intellectual capital at Skandia. Long Range Planning, 30, 366-373. Edvinsson, L. and Malone, M. S. (1997), Intellectual Capital, Piatkus, London. Edvinsson, L. & Sullivan, P. (1996). Developing a model for managing intellectual capital. European Management Journal, 14, 356-364. Eisenhardt, K. M. and Santos, F. M. (2002) â€Å"Knowledge-based view: a new theory of strategy? in Pettigrew, A. (Ed. ), Handbook of Strategy and Management, London, Sage, pp. 138-64. Fukuyama, F (1991) The Great Disruption p16 New York Simon and Shuster Fukuyama, F (1995) Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (New York: Free Press, 1995), chapter 9. Glaser, Edward L. , Laibson, David, and Sacerdote, Bruce (2002), An Economic Approach to Social Capital, Nov. 112, pp 437-458 Grant, R. M. 1996. Towards a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17 (Winter Special Issue), 108-122. Hildreth P and Kimble C (2002) The Duality of Knowledge â€Å"Information Research 8(1) paper no 142 Hildreth P Wright P and Kimble C (1999) Knowledge management are we missing something? Information Systems – The Next Generation. Hislop D (2004) The Paradox of Communities of Practice: Knowledge Sharing between Communities. Guthrie, J. and Petty, R. (2000), â€Å"Intellectual capital: Australian annual reporting practices. † Journal of Intellectual Capital, vol. no. 3, pp. 241-251. Handy, C. B. (1989). The age of unreason. London: Arrow Books Ltd. Iles V and Sutherlandk K (2001) Organisational Change: A Review of Health Care Managers, Professionals and Researchers, National Coordination Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation R and D London. Kaplan, R. S. & Norton, D. P. (1992). The Balanced Scorecard – measures that drive performance . Harvard Business Review, January-February, 71-79. Kim, W. C. & Mauborgne, R. (1999), ‘Strategy, value innovation, and the knowledge economy’, Sloan Management Review Spring, 41–53. Lave J and Wenger E (1991) Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation Cambridge University Press Liebowitz, J. & Suen, C. (2000). Developing knowledge metrics for measuring. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1, 54-67. Rose J and Haynes M (2001) A Soft Systems Approach to the Evaluation of Complex Interventions in the Public Sector, Manchester Metropolitan University Press. Senge, P (1990) The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation, Doubleday New York 1990. Senge, P. & Lannon-Kim, C. (1991). Recapturing the spirit of learning through a systems approach. Stewart, T. A. (1997), _Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of _Organizations, Doubleday/Currency, New York, NY. Sveiby, K. E. (1997), The_ New Organizational Wealth: Managing and Measuring_ Knowledge-based Assets, Berrett-Kohler, San Francisco, CA. Krogh von, G. 2003. Knowledge Sharing and the Communal Resource. In M. Easterby-Smith and M. Lyles, A. (Ed. ), Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management: 372-392. Malden, Oxford, Melbourne, Berlin: Blackwell Publishing. Mulgan G (2002) Policy-Making in the Global Commons Connect No 5 pp 6-18 Centre for Management and Policy Studies.

Acing your behavioral job interview

Acing your behavioral job interview If you’ve been on the job hunt for a while, you’ve probably been exposed to a wide variety of interview styles and scenarios, all designed to try and get the most accurate reflection of what you’d be like as a potential employee and gauge your value if hired. And chances are you’ve been exposed to- in one form or another- a type of approach known as the behavioral interview. So, what exactly is a behavioral interview, and how does it differ from other types of interviewing approaches? True to its name, a behavioral interview aims to find out how you responded to different types of work situations in the past. Instead of asking you about yourself, interviewers will ask how you tackled specific scenarios, both stressful and not. The point is to see if your personality and skillset within a work environment matches who they hope to hire for their open position.The truth is, a behavioral interview will look and feel much like any other traditional interview yo u’ve been on, with the key difference being the types of questions you’ll be asked during the process.A recent post on The Balance highlights some of the typical questions you might encounter while on a behavioral interview:â€Å"Behavioral interview questions will be more pointed, more probing and more specific than traditional interview questions:Give an example of an occasion when you used logic to solve a problem.Give an example of a goal you reached and tell me how you achieved it.Describe a decision you made that was unpopular and how you handled implementing it.Have you gone above and beyond the call of duty? If so, how?What do you do when your schedule is interrupted? Give an example of how you handle it.Have you had to convince a team to work on a project they weren’t thrilled about? How did you do it?Have you handled a difficult situation with a co-worker? How?Tell me about how you worked effectively under pressure.Follow-up questions will also be det ailed. You may be asked what you did, what you said, how you reacted or how you felt during the situation you shared with the hiring manager.†So, now that you have a good handle on what a behavioral interview is and how to recognize when you’re in the middle of one, what’s the best way to approach and handle it?The first step is to realize that you won’t know when you’re on a behavioral interview until you’re in the middle of one- unless you can predict the future, you won’t be alerted in advance to the types of questions you’ll be asked. Therefore, when prepping for an interview you should prep for every possible scenario, question, and contingency.That said, there are some proven strategies for effectively tackling behavioral questions and setting yourself up for a successful interview. Consider the following tips to make a strong and lasting impression on your next interview.Do your homework.When preparing for an interview- w hether behavioral or traditional or something else altogether- make sure you thoroughly research the company and job description provided and search for helpful cues regarding things the company may value and the attributes they are likely looking for in an ideal candidate. Try and get a good sense of what the company’s culture and mission is- all of these elements will help you gauge what sorts of questions you might encounter and the sorts of answers hiring managers and company representatives will likely be looking for.What types of problems normally come up in the industry you hope to join? How have you handled situations in the past in an impressive way in order to tackle these problems? How do your actions and reactions to work issues in the past show that you are well-suited for the open position? Have these answers ready to go.Be prepared to tell your story.When you’re in a behavioral interview, be prepared to â€Å"tell your story†- these should be hone st and favorable expressions of how past experiences in your life have shaped your ways of thinking and modes of behavior, making you the capable and effective professional you are today. According to Ladders, your stories should be specific, and should always include the following three parts: a description of a specific, real-life situation or challenge you encountered, a description of the specific tasks and actions you took to overcome that challenge, and a  summary of the results of those actions.If handled correctly, including stories in your responses that demonstrate instances of how you successfully solved problems or displayed exemplary behavior will always make you look good.Address past behaviors in an orderly way.The Balance advocates using the following four-step technique for answering questions about past behaviors at work, which they refer to as the STAR interview response technique:Situation.  Describe the situation or set the scene. Explain the place you were working for or the task you were given. Paint a clear picture of what went on so you can then elaborate on how your stellar skills saved the day.Task.  Describe the issue or problem you were confronted with. Make this as clear as possible- don’t get too bogged down in details. Prepare 1-2 sentences to explain the task at hand.Action.  Describe the action you took to intervene in the situation or solve the problem. This should introduce the key asset you would like to illustrate. Here is where you pull key words from the job posting. What skills are the hiring manager looking for? How you can demonstrate that you possess those skills in your answer?Results.  Describe the results  your action generated. Explain how you helped solve the problem or improve the company in some way.Okay job hunters, take advantage of the strategies and tips provided here and you’ll be ready to handle even the toughest behavioral interview that you might come across. The key, as it is most of the time with interviews, is to enter prepared and confident. Now that you know what to expect, start prepping!

summary of oliver twist essays

summary of oliver twist essays In the workhouse of a provincial town seventy miles from London a woman with unknown origin gives birth to a boy and dies. The child is named Oliver Twist and put into the workhouse orphanage. When he is nine Oliver gets transferred to the workhouse itself by Mr. Bumble, the beadle. The little Twist dares to ask for more gruel on behalf of the other half-starved children and the authorities decide to put him to a trade. Oliver is apprenticed to Mr. Sowerberry, an undertaker. Another apprentice, Noah Claypole, insults Olivers dead mother and small Oliver attacks him. Because of the severe punishment by the Sowerberrys Oliver runs away to London. There he meets Jack Dawkins called The Artful Dodger, a member of a pickpocket-gang run by Fagin, a Jew. Oliver who does not understand that he is among criminals becomes one of Fagins boys. He gets send out with the Dodger and another boy, Charley Bates. Realizing the criminal actions they take, Oliver runs away under shock. He gets caught an d is accused of robbing Mr. Brownlow but a bookstall-keeper has seen the true robbers and exculpates Oliver. Mr. Brownlow decides to take care of Oliver and takes him home with him. For Oliver this is the first time he gets treated with affection. But because while Oliver is free his secrets are in danger, Fagin engages Bill Sykes, a brutal robber and Nancy, a prostitute in love with Sykes to recapture Oliver. Oliver is recruited to help Sykes with a robbery on the house of Mrs. Maylie and her adopted niece Rose Maylie. The thieves get discovered and escape but Oliver is shot and wounded. The Maylies nurse him back to health, listen to Olivers story and believe him. He settles with them. Nancy, one of Fagins gang who is feeling compassion for the child, visits Rose to tell her without giving away the gang that a man named Monks who is in contact with Fagin wishes Oliver harm. Rose recruits others to help find Monks. Fagin has set No...

Coding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coding - Essay Example Further, coding plays an important role in the provision of government statistics. This comes to play during the budgeting of a country’s medical care, as the correct statistics are provided. For example, the government officials are aware of medications given, the number of people that passed on maybe because of certain diseases. It also offers a road map for the formulation of medical strategies that will help a nation curb vital illnesses. In addition, proper coding is important in ensuring that patients are forced to pay for the care they did not receive. Medical practitioners and insurance organizations can have a common understanding on the services provided and thus, the correct charges are made and paid (Capstone, 2010). Nurses are an essential part in the practice of medical care. They help in service delivery and assist doctors in a number of ways. They are often in contact with patients; this aspect of their work enables them to understand the patients more and offer them the necessary services. It also equips them with first hand information on the type of care the patients need in reference to their illness. This enables them to code the diagnosis appropriately. Moreover, before a patient is referred to a doctor, it is the duty of the nurse to offer first hand services, which put the nurses at an appropriate position to identify the type of care to be given to the patient (Shi & Singh, 2010). Additionally, being the ones to provide complete reports about patients to the doctors, nurses are professionally equipped and familiar with the importance of proper coding for record keeping. It is usually the responsibility of the nurses to offer comprehensive medical care; therefore, they have a duty to ensure the coding is appropriate to avoid mischarging the patients. They also proffer the accurate records for medication for the patient to the necessary authorities.